Step 1 - Capturing: Preparing the Video Tape, Processing the
Video Tape Source Material and Converting
to a Digital Format
Many video tapes will require little preparation.
However, in some cases, repacking the tape
on the spools can help in ensuring the tape
is played at a more consistent speed in the
VCR. Other techniques are available for more
extreme cases when a tape won't play.
Professional VCR's contain frame memory (e.g.
computer memory) onboard the VCR, which is
used to provide digital noise reduction and
image stabilization. This noise reduction
becomes especially critical in converting
video tapes to DVD, as this noise reduces
bandwidth that would otherwise be available
for capturing details of the picture. The
image stabilization can help with older tapes
which otherwise won't track properly in the
VCR and would appear as up and down jittering
when playing the tape. Additional picture
control and edge corrections can be applied
to enhance the video tape signal. The video
signal is output as separate chroma and luma
signals (rather than a composite signal)
to provide the best possible picture quality.
In cases where the sync signals and color
burst signals have faded from the tape, a
time base corrector can be used, in effect
digitizing the tape's signals, stripping
off the old sync and color burst signals,
and replacing all sync and color burst signals
with new, clean signals and re-combining
the new signals with the original tape's
visible content. The result appears as a
more clear and sharp video output, with none
of the wavy lines characteristic of older
tapes.
Then, the analog source material is converted
to a digital format. The equipment used to
convert the signal has two key characteristics,
one being a high-quality codec to produce
a nice looking, high-quality picture,and
the second being a locking of the audio signal
to the video signal. This audio/video lock
is critical to preventing drift when capturing
tapes which otherwise would result in the
audio and video being out of sync (which
looks like a lip sync performance the two
are out of sync).
Step 2 - Editing: Final Picture Corrections and Any Additional
Editing
Once the source tape is in its digital format,
and final corrections to color, contrast,
etc. can be made digitally.
In addition, this is the point in the project
where any of the editing of the material,
as specified, would be performed. This can
range from none, all the way to hours or
days of editing to produce the project. PYM
uses the same computer software for editing
as is used for TV commercials, etc.
Step 3 - Rendering: Compressing the Digital Source into the
DVD Standard Format for Video
At this point, the video is ready to be converted
to the compressed format standard for DVDs.
This step is important because the format
used for capture and editing of the material
is critical for the initial capture and the
editing, but is not an effective delivery
format. In order to provide several hours
of material on one DVD and meet the DVD standards,
the material must be compressed into the
MPEG2 format. The audio is also compressed,
typically to an AC-3 (Dolby) format which
is highly efficient, and allows as much of
the disc as possible to be used for video
content.
There are many different software and hardware
products available for this process, and
this is one area where use of lower quality
products or mistakes in defining the parameters
for the conversion will result in noticeably
lower-quality results. PYM uses what it believes
are the products which produce the highest
quality results appropriate for the various
offerings provided by PYM.
PYM will spend anywhere from real time (e.g.
1 hour rendering for 1 hour of source) to
16:1 (e.g. 16 hours rendering for 1 hour
of source) rendering your source materials,
depending on the circumstances and nature
of the order.
Step 4- Authoring: Creating Menus and Navigation and Preparing
the Video Object Files
Up to this point, all we have is the digital
version of the source material. At this point,
we add menus and navigation, which are what
is used in manipulating the DVD on your DVD
player.
The extent of the menus and navigation depends
on which PYM service is selected. For bulk
conversions, a very simple menu is added,
as the emphasis is on converting many tapes
for a low per-tape cost. For the Special
Occasion packages, a significant amount of
time can be spent to create the backgrounds,
menus, etc. that will be the "main menu"
on the DVD. This can include either standard
or custom backgrounds, motion menu buttons
(which are really created as 'mini-movies')
and background music.
In addition, the menus and video content
are formed into Video Object Files and a
structure which meet the DVD standards, so
your DVD player can read the DVD.
Step 5 - Burning: Writing the Video Object and Other Files
to the DVD
Now, all of the information can finally be
burned onto the DVD. The DVD media is selected
based upon a number of criteria, and PYM
constantly follows the reviews of the various
manufacturer's media. In addition, if you
provide the make and model of your DVD player
when you order, PYM will also check for compatibility
of the media with your player. Discs are
sampled (quality assured) for read errors
after they are burned, to help assure that
the DVDs will play all the way through.